Bierman Autism Centers

PEBBL Clinical Research

Scope and Sequence in ABA

Study in progress. Presenting at NJABA 2026

Building Curricula That Actually Teaches

When sequencing is missing, so is momentum.

Most ABA curricula present skills as lists. Check the box, move on. What those lists rarely tell a clinician is which skills need to come first, how one domain supports another, or what “ready” actually looks like before advancing to the next target.

When that architecture is missing, sequencing decisions get made by intuition, and intuition varies from clinician to clinician, center to center. This PEBBL study is focused on designing and empirically testing a developmental scope and sequence for early learning, using data already present in everyday ABA sessions.

Can we use data from routine ABA sessions to test whether our sequencing assumptions are actually correct?
We are examining prerequisite relationships, skill interdependence, and sequencing validity, across imitation, joint attention, early language, and play, without interrupting clinical services to do it.

Why sequencing matters

Two paths. Same instructional effort. Dramatically different outcomes.

When curricula are built as flat checklists, each skill taught in isolation, gains are linear and slow. When they’re built as developmental systems, skills compound, each one accelerating the next.

Approach 1
Flat Checklist
1 skill taught → 1 skill gained
Steady, limited rate
Approach 2
Developmental Scope & Sequence
Skills build on each other and gains accelerate
↑ Prerequisites established gains accelerate from here
Foundational sequencing creates compounding learning momentum
vs
Same instructional effort, dramatically different outcomes at scale

What we mean by "scope and sequence"

Two ways to think about curriculum.

A scope and sequence answers two questions: what should be taught, and in what order, not as flat checklists, but as developmental systems that build on each other.

Flat Checklist
Imitate-actions-clap-hands
Imitate-actions-wave
Respond-to-joint-attention-bid
Label common objects
Initiate joint attention
Request preferred item

No indication of why, when, or what comes next. Sequencing depends on clinician intuition.

Developmental Scope & Sequence
↓ Clinical scenario: Drum activity
Imitation
Bangs drum after staff model
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Joint Attention
Responds to staff playing kazoo nearby
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Listener Response
Selects drum from shelf vs. other instruments
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Expressive Language
Staff models: "bang the drum"
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Imitation is a foundational domain. Motor imitation across modalities predicts readiness for early verbal behavior and joint attention. It is not just a checklist item. It is a prerequisite signal.
Joint Attention (responding) typically precedes initiating. This ordering matters: a child who does not respond to bids is not yet ready to initiate them. The sequence is testable, and PEBBL is testing it.
Listener Response connects receptive language to real-world object selection. Within a single drum activity, this domain produces a discrete data point that informs programming without adding extra trials.
Expressive Language emerges within natural activity contexts. When staff model "bang the drum," they create an opportunity to measure verbal imitation and spontaneous labeling within the same routine.

Where we are now

PEBBL Research: Continuous Learning Cycle

A scope and sequence answers two questions: what should be taught, and in what order, not as flat checklists, but as developmental systems that build on each other.

Research Progress

Complete
Framework Design
tap for detail
Complete
Data Collection
tap for detail
Now
Analysis
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Upcoming
Framework Refinement
tap for detail
Upcoming
Replication
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Complete
Framework Design
The scope and sequence framework was designed to map early learning domains, including imitation, joint attention, language, and play, as interdependent developmental systems rather than flat skill lists. This is the starting point and is not part of the repeating research loop.
Complete
Data Collection
Real session data has been gathered from everyday ABA clinical work, without disrupting clinical services. Practice-based research designs, including single-case experimental designs, alternating treatments, and embedded generalization probes, were used to collect the data.
In progress Now
Analysis
Early analysis is shaping how we think about prerequisite relationships in joint attention development and early verbal operant sequences. This work will be presented at the New Jersey Association for Behavior Analysis 2026 conference.
Presenting: NJABA 2026
Upcoming
Framework Refinement
Analysis findings will inform refinements to the scope and sequence framework. This is where what we learn from data changes how we sequence skills going forward, completing the learning cycle.
Upcoming
Replication
Refined sequencing assumptions will be tested across additional learners, clinicians, and settings. Replication is how findings move from promising patterns to reliable, generalizable evidence.

Why this matters

What this work makes possible.

When the curriculum architecture is sound, children move through learning with more momentum and less friction. This work is ultimately about making the path from early learning to independence clearer and more replicable.

For Families
Fewer re-dos. When sequencing is right, children spend less time on targets they were not quite ready for.
Visible momentum. Skills compound instead of stall.
Consistent care. A validated scope and sequence means your child's program is informed by a framework, not just the instincts of one clinician.
Speak with our intake team
For Clinicians
Fewer guessing games. Data-tested prerequisites give teams more confidence in sequencing decisions.
A framework that travels. When validated, it works across learners and settings, not just one child with one supervisor.
Research authorship. This work is developed through PEBBL, with clinicians as contributors and co-investigators.
Learn more about PEBBL

FAQ: Scope and Sequence in ABA

What is a scope and sequence in ABA?

It is a curriculum framework that defines both what to teach and in what order, based on how skills relate to and build on each other developmentally, not just what appears on a standardized assessment.

Why does sequencing matter?

If a child is working on a target they are not developmentally ready for, progress stalls. Good sequencing means fewer dead ends and more sessions that build genuine momentum.

What early learning domains does this cover?

The current scope and sequence covers imitation, joint attention, early language, and play, studied as interdependent systems rather than separate skill buckets.

How are you testing whether the sequence is right?

Using practice-based research designs, including single-case and group experimental designs, run within everyday ABA sessions. No disruption to clinical services.

What is a prerequisite relationship?

A prerequisite relationship exists when one skill reliably needs to be in place before a child can meaningfully learn another. For example: does a child need to respond to joint attention bids before initiating them? We are using real session data to test those assumptions.

Is this research finished?

No. We are in active development and replication. We are presenting preliminary work at the New Jersey Association for Behavior Analysis 2026 conference and will share plain-language updates as findings become reliable.

Does this replace a clinician's judgment?

No. The scope and sequence is a framework that supports clinical decision-making, not a substitute for it.

How could this help my child specifically?

We do not make individual predictions. What this work builds toward is a curriculum architecture that is more consistently reliable across learners, which means better starting points and clearer paths for more children.

How can clinicians get involved?

Explore PEBBL research tracks, including Contributor, Manager, and Fellowship options, and connect with our team through the interest form below.

Where can I learn more about PEBBL?

Visit biermanautism.com/pebbl for an overview of our research program, active studies, and how to get involved.

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