Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified into three levels of support under the DSM-5, not into separate types. Each level describes how much day-to-day help a person needs, from Level 1 (requiring support) to Level 3 (requiring very substantial support). The system changed in 2013, when older labels like Asperger’s syndrome were folded into one diagnosis. If your child was recently given a level, this guide explains what it means and the support that helps most.
What is ASD?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts socially, and processes sensory information. It appears differently in every child, which is why clinicians describe it by support level rather than by type. About 1 in 31 (3.2%) of children aged 8 have been identified with ASD, a rise that reflects better awareness and diagnostic tools.
Types vs. levels: what changed in 2013
Before 2013, clinicians used several separate labels, including Asperger’s syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and autistic disorder (classic autism). The DSM-5 replaced these with one diagnosis, ASD, described by three support levels. So when people search for “types of autism,” they are usually looking for today’s three levels. If you want the distinction spelled out, see our guide on ASD vs autism.
Core characteristics all levels share
Regardless of level, children with autism tend to share a few core traits. The degree to which these show up is what sets the levels apart.
- Social communication differences: challenges with verbal and nonverbal communication, reading social cues, and building relationships.
- Repetitive behaviors and focused interests: repetitive movements, deep interest in specific topics, or a strong need for predictable routines.
- Sensory processing differences: over- or under-sensitivity to sound, texture, light, or other input.
- A need for routine: comfort in a consistent schedule and environment.
The 3 levels of autism
Autism has three support levels, defined by how much daily help a person needs. Here is what each looks like at home, and the support that tends to help.
1. Level 1: Requiring Support
Level 1 autism means a person needs some support with social communication and flexibility but is often largely independent. This level covers much of what was once called Asperger’s syndrome. A child at Level 1 might speak in full sentences and excel academically, yet struggle to read nonverbal cues or handle a sudden change to their routine. For example, they may do well in class but find recess overwhelming, and may talk at length about a favorite topic. Support often focuses on social skills and managing anxiety around change. See Level 1 autism symptoms for a deeper look.
2. Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
Level 2 autism means a person needs substantial daily support with verbal and nonverbal communication and copes poorly with change. A child at this level may speak in short phrases or use a communication system, and may find it hard to start social interactions. Repetitive behaviors are usually more noticeable, and changes in routine can be distressing. Visual schedules, speech therapy, and structured ABA therapy often help a child take part in group activities. See more on Level 2 autism.
3. Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
Level 3 autism means a person needs very substantial support for communication and most daily activities. A child at this level often has significant challenges with verbal and nonverbal communication and may engage in repetitive behaviors that affect daily life. If your child is at Level 3, you are not alone, and meaningful support is available. Intensive ABA, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and daily-living skill practice can all build confidence and connection. See more on Level 3 autism.
Can a child’s autism level change over time?
Yes, a child’s autism level can change as they grow and receive support. Levels describe current support needs rather than a fixed label, so a child may need less support in some areas over time, especially with early, individualized therapy. Reassessment is a normal part of care, and your child’s team can update their plan as skills develop.
Other conditions once linked to autism
A few conditions sit near or under the autism umbrella. Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) involves a loss of skills after a period of typical development, usually between ages 2 and 4, and now falls under ASD. Rett syndrome is a distinct genetic condition, primarily affecting girls, that can involve loss of communication and motor skills. Both call for tailored, specialized support.
How support is tailored to each level
Understanding your child’s support level helps shape an effective ABA therapy plan, and ABA adapts to each child regardless of level. Level 1 work might center on social skills and coping with change. Level 2 often expands communication and reduces interfering behaviors. Level 3 may focus on intensive support for communication and daily living skills.
Good ABA is individualized at every step:
- Assessment and goal setting: a comprehensive assessment identifies each child’s strengths and challenges.
- Individualized programming: goals are matched to the child’s support level and family priorities.
- Progress monitoring: regular data keeps therapy effective and goals current.
- Family integration: parents learn strategies to support progress at home and in the community.
Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and educational support can round out a plan so skills carry over into everyday life.
See how individualized ABA therapy can support your child at their level. Explore ABA therapy at Bierman
How Bierman supports every level
At Bierman Autism Centers, we understand that every child with autism is unique, whatever their level. We combine evidence-based ABA with play-based learning so children build essential skills in an environment that feels joyful. With a 1:1 therapist-to-child ratio, every child gets focused attention, and we work closely with families so progress at the center carries over to home and community.
Ready to start?
Understanding your child’s level is the beginning of the journey, not the end. Every child deserves support that fits them, and early intervention can make a real difference in their development and confidence.
Every child deserves support that fits them. Start now to talk with our team about your child’s needs, or call (800) 931-8113.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many levels of autism are there? There are three levels of autism under the DSM-5: Level 1 (requiring support), Level 2 (requiring substantial support), and Level 3 (requiring very substantial support). The levels describe how much daily support a person needs, not different kinds of autism.
What are the 5 (or 7) types of autism? There are not five or seven official types of autism. Since 2013, the DSM-5 uses one diagnosis, autism spectrum disorder, described by three support levels. Older labels like Asperger’s syndrome and PDD-NOS are no longer separate diagnoses.
Is Level 1 autism the same as Asperger’s syndrome? Level 1 autism covers much of what used to be called Asperger’s syndrome. The DSM-5 retired the Asperger’s label in 2013 and folded it into autism spectrum disorder as the level requiring the least support.
Is Level 2 autism high-functioning? Level 2 autism is not typically described as high-functioning. A person at Level 2 needs substantial daily support with communication and change, more than at Level 1. Clinicians now favor support levels over “high-” or “low-functioning” language.
Can a child’s autism level change over time? Yes, a child’s autism level can change as they grow and receive support. Levels describe current support needs, so a child may need less support in some areas over time, especially with early, individualized therapy.
Do children with autism qualify for disability support? Many children with autism qualify for support and services, depending on their needs and where they live. A diagnosis with a documented support level can help families access therapy, school accommodations, and other resources.
How soon can signs of autism appear? Early signs can appear as young as 6 to 12 months, such as limited eye contact, not responding to their name, or reduced babbling and gesturing. In toddlers, signs may include social communication differences, repetitive behaviors like hand flapping, and strong reactions to sensory input. Because every child develops differently, it is best to have professionals evaluate a child over time rather than self-diagnose.
How is autism diagnosed in children? Autism diagnosis usually involves a multidisciplinary team, including pediatricians, psychologists, and speech-language pathologists. It often starts with developmental screenings, followed by a comprehensive evaluation using tools like the ADOS or ADI-R. Early diagnosis helps families access timely support.
